The gelation ability of diterpenes was investigated by applying aromatic linker steroid

strategy. Four new mono (1) and bis-urea (2–4) derivatives of dehydroabietylamine (DAA)

(a tricyclic diterpene amine) were synthesized on reaction of respective isocyanates with

DAA and characterized through spectroscopic data. Three of these (1, 2, and 4) were obtained

as low-molecular-weight organogelators that can form thermally reversible organogels.

Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher’s online

edition of Synthetic Communications1 for full experimental and spectral details.

Keywords Bisurea; dehydroabietylamines; diterpenes; organogels; urea

The synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of a series of chromone-linked substituted heterocyclic derivatives is described. The condensation of 3-formylchromone with acetoacetamide under Knoevenagel–Cope reaction conditions was also explored, and the condensation with 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one constitutes a facile route to pyranopyrone fused systems. Most of the compounds exhibit good antimicrobial properties.

Synthesis of twelve hitherto unreported esters of abietyl alcohol and screening of these esters against four

cancer cell lines including one breast cancer line MCF7 and four hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HCC) Huh7,

Hep3B, Snu449 and Plc has been determined using SRB assay. The Cell cycle progression showed changes in cellular

behaviour after 48 and 72 hours in MCF7 and Huh7 cell lines. Abietyl alcohol was obtained from the reduction of abietic

acid, a tricyclic diterpene, isolated from oleoresin of Pinus longifolia  Roxberghii.

Oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid; OA-01), a pentacyclic triterpene, exhibit a wide range of pharmacological ad biological activities. We have isolated oleanolic acid from methanolic extract of Periploca aphylla, collected from surroundings of Karachi in the month of February. Furthermore, four known and two new C-28 amino acid conjugates of oleanolic acid were prepared to explore potential of these compounds on HCCs and one breast cancer cell line. Cytotoxic effects revealed that as compare to parent compound (OA-01), two derivatives OA-04 (p<0.0001) and OA-06 (p<0.01) showed significantly increased /higher inhibition rates.

We present a new system of bi-component hydrogels formed of L-lysine hydrochloride mixed with sodium tetraphenyl

borate with unusual viscoelastic properties which might be useful in tissue engineering, nano-particles

synthesis or bioseparation. Beside cationic-anionic molecular interactions, 1H-NMR experiments have also

shown the presence of π-electrons cloud interactions as well as hydrogen bonds stabilizing the supramolecular

structure. Bulk rheological and mechanical properties have been characterized using steady and oscillatory shear

rheometry as well as uniaxial compression tests. Microstructural information has been deduced from multi

particle tracking (MPT) optical microrheology and cryo-preparation scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These

gels are shear thickening at low concentrations and shear thinning at higher gelator concentration. Shear and

Young’s modulus data obtained from different techniques agree fairly well. Zero shear viscosity as well as

modulus data obtained for gels with equimolar lysine and borate concentration exhibit concentration dependence

η0 ∼ c °æ

5 0.5and G ∼ c °æ 0

3.4 0.35, respectively. The scaling exponent for η0agrees well with predictions for

neutral polymer in theta solvent or wormlike micelles in the slow breaking regime whereas the variation in G0 is

unexpectedly high. We attribute this to the unique microstructure consisting of a cellular structure composed of

thin sheets connected by tiny fibers. At low concentrations the mesh size of this structure is about 10 μm and

fiber diameter increases from ∼200 nm to ∼2 μm, only at the highest gelator concentration of 7 wt.% the mesh 

size shrinks to ∼5 μm and the fiber diameter to ∼400 nm. Consistently, tracer particles in low concentrated gels

diffuse freely in an aqueous environment. At higher gelator concentration, however, gelation takes place so fast

that tracers are trapped in the elastic sheets / fibrous regions and the modulus GÅLMPT agrees fairly well with bulk

data. Varying the molar ratio of both gel-forming components results in a pronounced viscosity maximum at

fixed total gelator concentration. Corresponding microstructural changes could again be visualized using cryo-

SEM consistent with MPT data. At high lysine fraction, a coarse coral reef type sheet structure is found while at

low lysine to borate ratio a network of thick struts is formed. Finally, diffusing wave spectroscopy experiments

performed on samples with different lysine to borate ratio revealed that the plateau modulus G0 is almost

independent of temperature whereas the relaxation time TR becomes faster as temperature increases.

Two new hydrophobic ionic liquids were synthesized through ion exchange metathesis

and characterized through spectral data and thermogravimetric analysis. These include 1,3-

dibutylimidazolium thiosalicylate [BBIM][TS] (1) and 1,3-dihexylimidazolium thiosalicylate

[HHIM][TS] (2). The application of these ILs in extraction of seven transition metal ions (Cr, Mn,

Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn) from aqueous solution has been investigated. High extraction efficiencies

were observed. Extraction occurs rapidly at room temperature, no heating is required unlike previous

reports. [HHIM][TS] (2) Showed higher extraction efficiency in almost all metal ions tested as

compare to [BBIM][TS] (1).

Background: The purpose of present work is to synthesize novel (+)-Dehydroabietylamine derivatives (DAAD) using

N-acetyl-α-amino acid conjugates and determine its cytotoxic effects on hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Methods: An analytical study was conducted to explore cytotoxic activity of DAAD on hepatocellular carcinoma cell

lines. The cytotoxicity effect was recorded using sulforhodamine B technique. Cell cycle analysis was performed using

Propidium Iodide (PI) staining. Based on cell morphology, anti growth activity and microarray findings of DAAD2

treatment, Comet assay, Annexin V/PI staining, Immunoperoxidase assay and western blots were performed accoringly.

Results: Hep3B cells were found to be the most sensitive with IC50 of 2.00 ± 0.4 μM against (+)-N-(N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine)-

dehydroabietylamine as DAAD2. In compliance to time dependent morphological changes of low cellular confluence,

detachment and rounding of DAAD2 treated cells; noticeable changes in G2/M phase were recorded may be leading

to cell cycle cessation. Up-regulation (5folds) of TUBA1A gene in Hep3B cells was determined in microarray

experiments. Apoptotic mode of cell death was evaluated using standardized staining procedures including comet

assay and annexin V/PI staining, Immuno-peroxidase assay. Using western blotting technique, caspase dependant

apoptotic mode of cell death was recorded against Hep3B cell line.

Conclusion: It is concluded that a novel DAAD2 with IC50 values less than 8 μM can induce massive cell attenuation

following caspase dependent apoptotic cell death in Hep3B cells. Moreover, the corelation study indicated that DAAD2

may have vital influence on cell prolifration properties.

Keywords: Dehydroabietylamine derivatives, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Cytotoxicity, Connectivity map, Apoptosis

New amide derivatives of (+ )-dehydroabietylamine,

tricyclic abietane diterpene amine, were

prepared using Zhongping’ s protocol. (+ )-N -(2-phenylacetyl)-

dehydroabietylamine derivative (11 ) demonstrated

noticeable growth attenuation of hepatocellular carcinoma

cell lines including PLC/PRF/5, SNU475, Hep3B-TR, and

Huh7 with IC50 of 7.4 μ M, 9.8 μ M, 11.7 μ M, and 11.8 μ M,

respectively. A breast cancer cell line MCF7 was the most

sensitive against amide 11  with lowest IC50 value (4.8 μ M).

Low cell confl uence and increase in G2/M phase was

recorded after 48 and 72 h of treatment of amide 11  on PLC/

PRF/5 cell line. Finally, amide 11  has comparatively suffi cient

therapeutic role due to addition of N -phenacyl group

at C-18. Amide 11  demonstrated as potential candidate for

future cancer interference and research.

Material preparation using Ionic Liquids (ILs) as a catalyst was frequently related to the supramolecular aggregation behavior. Hence, understanding the aggregation behavior of ILs is very significant from basic and applied aspects. The present work suggested an efficient and green protocol for the synthesis of pyridine and piperidine based ILs with different phenoxide as anions. Furthermore, the supramolecular polymeric aggregation due to non-covalent interactions between cations and anions of these ILs were investigated through Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS). Moreover, assessment of the suitability of these ILs as catalyst has been done in the presence of potassium carbonate for base-catalysed carbon-carbon bond formation reactions i.e. case of Knoevenagel and Claisen–Schmidt Condensation. The obtained products were characterized by spectroscopic methods such as 1H NMR, 13C NMR, ESI-MS and UV. The results revealed that the desire products were obtained in excellent yield (up to 98%). Selective ILs which contain electron with drawing group in anions such as m-nitro phenoxide ion, exhibited remarkable catalytic activity in Condensation reaction. In addition to this, ESI-MS of ILs showed that peak distributions prominently exhibited for each aggregate, a decrease in ion abundance occurred.

C-glycopeptidomimetics are formed by the condensation of sugar unit and analogues of amino acid residue which generates a new carbon-carbon sigma bond. In glycopeptides, this condensation occurs in side chain of amino acid but introduction of isonitrile moiety on N-terminal of amino acid mimic unit can also be a route to produce such compounds. It is observed that C- glycopeptidomimetics are more stable than their N- and O-analogues under physiological conditions but their synthesis is a challenging task due to relatively less reactive C-6 position of hexose. In present work, synthesis of reversed C-glycopeptidomimetics (pseudoglycopeptides) was done by Passerini reaction protocol which is famous for peptide synthesis due to its mild conditions and easy workup. This paper discusses the use of α-D-galactose, a cheap and easily available monosaccharide to prepare reversed C-glycopeptidomimetics. The term reversed C-glycopeptidomimetics is derived for its analogy with reversed C-nucleosides, as in these reactions, instead of anomeric carbon i.e. more reactive site, C-6 undergoes to produce desired products.